前些天刚好开始Struts的学习，但是在配置Struts
2的时候就遇到了很大的障碍，我使用的Struts
2版本是2.2.1（即Struts
2.2.1），我参考了《精通J2EE》(第二版)里的有关Struts
2的配置内容，该书使用的是Struts
2.0.9)。我首先从Struts
2.2.1的lib文件下复制了“freemarker-2.3.16.jar，ognl-3.0.jar，struts2-core-2.2.1.jar，xwork-core-2.2.1.jar”，然后粘贴在了项目的lib文件下，也可以通过“Add
External JARs”的形式导入，但是如上所作后，在启动Tomcat时出现了如下的错误：
警告: Could not create
JarEntryRevision for [jar:file:/E:/Programming/apache-tomcat-6.0.26/webapps/Struts2/WEB-INF/lib/struts2-core-2.2.1.jar]
...
2010-9-24 11:16:02 com.opensymphony.xwork2.util.logging.jdk.JdkLogger info
信息: Parsing configuration
file [struts-default.xml]
2010-9-24 11:16:02 com.opensymphony.xwork2.util.logging.jdk.JdkLogger error
严重: Dispatcher initialization
failed
Unable to load configuration. - bean - jar:file:/E:/Programming/apache-tomcat-6.0.26/webapps/Struts2/WEB-INF/lib/struts2-core-2.2.1.jar!/struts-default.xml:48:178
Caused by: Unable to load bean: type:org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.multipart.MultiPartRequest class:org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.multipart.JakartaMultiPartRequest
- bean - jar:file:/E:/Programming/apache-tomcat-6.0.26/webapps/Struts2/WEB-INF/lib/struts2-core-2.2.1.jar!/struts-default.xml:48:178
Caused by: java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: org/apache/commons/fileupload/RequestContext
2010-9-24 11:16:02 org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext filterStart
严重: Exception starting
filter struts2
Unable to load configuration. - bean - jar:file:/E:/Programming/apache-tomcat-6.0.26/webapps/Struts2/WEB-INF/lib/struts2-core-2.2.1.jar!/struts-default.xml:48:178
Caused by: Unable to load configuration. - bean - jar:file:/E:/Programming/apache-tomcat-6.0.26/webapps/Struts2/WEB-INF/lib/struts2-core-2.2.1.jar!/struts-default.xml:48:178
Caused by: Unable to load bean: type:org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.multipart.MultiPartRequest class:org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.multipart.JakartaMultiPartRequest
- bean - jar:file:/E:/Programming/apache-tomcat-6.0.26/webapps/Struts2/WEB-INF/lib/struts2-core-2.2.1.jar!/struts-default.xml:48:178
Caused by: java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: org/apache/commons/fileupload/RequestContext
Caused by: java.lang.ClassNotFoundException:
org.apache.commons.fileupload.RequestContext
2010-9-24 11:16:02 org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext start
严重: Error filterStart
2010-9-24 11:16:02 org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext start
严重: Context [/Struts2]
startup failed due to previous errors
这些错误很让我摸不着头脑，经多方查阅资料后，在Struts 2.2.x中应该导入如下7个JAR文件
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
7)
8) commons-lang-2.5.jar
- asm-x.x.jar
- asm-commons-x.x.jar
- asm-tree-x.x.jar
- commons-fileupload-X.X.X.jar
- commons-io-X.X.X.jar
- commons-lang-X.X.jar
- freemarker-X.X.X.jar
- javassist-X.X.X.jar
- ognl-X.X.X.jar
- struts2-core-X.X.X.X.jar
- xwork-core-X.X.X.jar
其实，这里还有一个小窍门，我们可以将Struts 2.2.x根目录下的apps文件夹下的struts2-blank-2.2.1.war文件进行解压，然后找到WEB-INF下的lib目录，我们可以发现里面列出了7个JAR文件，刚好这7个就是我们配置Struts
2.2.x需要导入的JARs文件：
现在服务器应该就可以正常启动了！