tcp一般用于维持一个可信任的连接,比起udp更为安全可靠,在vs.net,分别有tcpclient和udpclient以及tcplistener,一般开发中基本可以满足需要，但是这个有个很大的弊端，对于维持一个时间较长的，相互交互的来说，数据处理不是很明朗，vs/net中还有一个socket类，用他来做一个客户／服务器段,同时在接发数据的时候，能相互独立，这需要一个异步通讯过程
先实现服务器段：
using System;
using System.Net;
using System.Net.Sockets;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading;
// State object for reading client data asynchronously
namespace TcpServer
{
public class StateObject
{
// Client socket.
public Socket workSocket = null;
// Size of receive buffer.
public const int BufferSize = 1024;
// Receive buffer.
public byte[] buffer = new byte[BufferSize];
// Received data string.
public StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
}
public class AsynchronousSocketListener
{
// Thread signal.
public static ManualResetEvent allDone = new ManualResetEvent(false);
private static Socket listener;
private int _port=9010;
public AsynchronousSocketListener()
{
}
public void StopListening()
{
listener.Close();
}
public int Port
{
set
{
_port=value;
}
}
public void StartListening()
{
// Data buffer for incoming data.
byte[] bytes = new Byte[1024];
// Establish the local endpoint for the socket.
// The DNS name of the computer
// running the listener is "host.contoso.com".
IPHostEntry ipHostInfo = Dns.Resolve(Dns.GetHostName());
IPAddress ipAddress = ipHostInfo.AddressList[0];
IPEndPoint localEndPoint = new IPEndPoint(ipAddress, _port);
// Create a TCP/IP socket.
listener = new Socket(AddressFamily.InterNetwork,
SocketType.Stream, ProtocolType.Tcp );
// Bind the socket to the local endpoint and listen for incoming connections.
try
{
listener.Bind(localEndPoint);
listener.Listen(100);
while (true)
{
// Set the event to nonsignaled state.
allDone.Reset();
// Start an asynchronous socket to listen for connections.
Console.WriteLine("接收连接..");
listener.BeginAccept(
new AsyncCallback(AcceptCallback),
listener );
// Wait until a connection is made before continuing.
allDone.WaitOne();
}
}
catch (Exception e)
{
Console.WriteLine(e.ToString());
}
Console.WriteLine("\nPress ENTER to continue...");
Console.Read();
}
private void AcceptCallback(IAsyncResult ar)
{
// Signal the main thread to continue.
allDone.Set();
// Get the socket that handles the client request.
Socket listener = (Socket) ar.AsyncState;
Socket handler = listener.EndAccept(ar);
// Create the state object.
StateObject state = new StateObject();
state.workSocket = handler;
handler.BeginReceive( state.buffer, 0, StateObject.BufferSize, 0,
new AsyncCallback(ReadCallback), state);
}
private void ReadCallback(IAsyncResult ar)
{
String content = String.Empty;
// Retrieve the state object and the handler socket
// from the asynchronous state object.
StateObject state = (StateObject) ar.AsyncState;
Socket handler = state.workSocket;
int bytesRead=0 ;
// Read data from the client socket.
if(handler.Connected )
{
try
{
bytesRead = handler.EndReceive(ar);
}
catch(Exception ex)
{
handler.Close();
}
if (bytesRead > 0)
{
// There might be more data, so store the data received so far.
// Check for end-of-file tag. If it is not there, read
// more data.
content = Encoding.ASCII.GetString(
state.buffer,0,bytesRead);
if (content.Length>0 && content.EndsWith("<EOF>") )
{
// All the data has been read from the
// client. Display it on the console.
Console.WriteLine("从客户端收到 {0} bytes 数据. \n Data : {1}",
content.Length, content );
// Echo the data back to the client.
Send(handler, "-数据确认,已经收到-<EOF>");
}
else
{
// Not all data received. Get more.
handler.BeginReceive(state.buffer, 0, StateObject.BufferSize, 0,
new AsyncCallback(ReadCallback), state);
}
}
}
}
private void Send(Socket handler, String data)
{
// Convert the string data to byte data using ASCII encoding.
byte[] byteData = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(data);
// Begin sending the data to the remote device.
handler.BeginSend(byteData, 0, byteData.Length, 0,
new AsyncCallback(SendCallback), handler);
}
private void SendCallback(IAsyncResult ar)
{
try
{
// Retrieve the socket from the state object.
Socket handler = (Socket) ar.AsyncState;
// Complete sending the data to the remote device.
int bytesSent = handler.EndSend(ar);
Console.WriteLine("发送 {0} bytes 到客户端.", bytesSent);
handler.Shutdown(SocketShutdown.Both);
handler.Close();
}
catch (Exception e)
{
Console.WriteLine(e.ToString());
}
}
}
}
具体调用如下：
string p="";
AsynchronousSocketListener _server=new AsynchronousSocketListener();
_server.StartListening();
if((p=Console.ReadLine().ToLower() )!="exit" )
{
_server.StopListening();
}
紧接着实现客户端，客户端稍微复杂点，用一个session类来维持一个会话过程，coder类实现多种编码，Ｄatagram类定义一个具体的数据报文，默认为６４个字节大小，
using System;
using System.Collections;
using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
using System.Diagnostics;
using System.Net.Sockets;
using System.Net;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading;
using System.Data;
using System.Xml;
using System.Xml.XPath;
namespace Client
{
#region 通讯对象
public delegate void NetEvent(object sender, NetEventArgs e);
public class CSocket
{
#region 字段
/// <summary>
/// 客户端与服务器之间的会话类
/// </summary>
private Session _session;
/// <summary>
/// 客户端是否已经连接服务器
/// </summary>
private bool _isConnected = false;
private bool _isEcho = false;
private StringBuilder sb=new StringBuilder();
/// <summary>
/// 接收数据缓冲区大小64K
/// </summary>
public const int DefaultBufferSize = 64*1024;
/// <summary>
/// 报文解析器
/// </summary>
private DatagramResolver _resolver;
/// <summary>
/// 通讯格式编码解码器
/// </summary>
private Coder _coder;
/// <summary>
/// 接收数据缓冲区
/// </summary>
private byte[] _recvDataBuffer = new byte[DefaultBufferSize];
public ManualResetEvent allDone = new ManualResetEvent(false);
#endregion
#region 事件定义
//需要订阅事件才能收到事件的通知，如果订阅者退出，必须取消订阅
/// <summary>
/// 已经连接服务器事件
/// </summary>
/// <summary>
/// 接收到数据报文事件
/// </summary>
public event NetEvent ReceivedDatagram;
public event NetEvent DisConnectedServer;
public event NetEvent ConnectedServer;
/// <summary>
/// 连接断开事件
/// </summary>
#endregion
#region 属性
/// <summary>
/// 返回客户端与服务器之间的会话对象
/// </summary>
public Session ClientSession
{
get
{
return _session;
}
}
/// <summary>
/// 返回客户端与服务器之间的连接状态
/// </summary>
public bool IsConnected
{
get
{
return _isConnected;
}
}
public bool IsEchoBack
{
get
{
return _isEcho;
}
}
/// <summary>
/// 数据报文分析器
/// </summary>
public DatagramResolver Resovlver
{
get
{
return _resolver;
}
set
{
_resolver = value;
}
}
/// <summary>
/// 编码解码器
/// </summary>
public Coder ServerCoder
{
get
{
return _coder;
}
}
#endregion
#region 公有方法
/// <summary>
/// 默认构造函数,使用默认的编码格式
/// </summary>
public CSocket()
{
_coder = new Coder( Coder.EncodingMothord.gb2312 );
}
/// <summary>
/// 构造函数,使用一个特定的编码器来初始化
/// </summary>
/// <param name="_coder">报文编码器</param>
public CSocket( Coder coder )
{
_coder = coder;
}
/// <summary>
/// 连接服务器
/// </summary>
/// <param name="ip">服务器IP地址</param>
/// <param name="port">服务器端口</param>
public virtual void Connect( string ip, int port)
{
if(IsConnected)
{
Close();
}
Socket newsock= new Socket(AddressFamily.InterNetwork,
SocketType.Stream, ProtocolType.Tcp);
IPEndPoint iep = new IPEndPoint( IPAddress.Parse(ip), port);
newsock.BeginConnect(iep, new AsyncCallback(Connected), newsock);
}
/// <summary>
/// 发送数据报文
/// </summary>
/// <param name="datagram"></param>
public virtual void Send( string datagram)
{
try
{
if(datagram.Length ==0 )
{
return;
}
allDone.WaitOne();
//获得报文的编码字节
byte [] data = _coder.GetEncodingBytes(datagram);
_session.ClientSocket.BeginSend( data, 0, data.Length, SocketFlags.None,
new AsyncCallback( SendDataEnd ), _session.ClientSocket);
}
catch(Exception ex)
{
Console.WriteLine(ex.ToString() );
}
}
/// <summary>
/// 关闭连接
/// </summary>
public virtual void Close()
{
if(!_isConnected)
{
return;
}
_session.Close();
_session = null;
_isConnected = false;
}
#endregion
#region 受保护方法
/// <summary>
/// 数据发送完成处理函数
/// </summary>
/// <param name="iar"></param>
protected virtual void SendDataEnd(IAsyncResult iar)
{
try
{
Socket remote = (Socket)iar.AsyncState;
int sent = remote.EndSend(iar);
}
catch(Exception ex)
{
Console.WriteLine(ex.ToString() );
}
}
/// <summary>
/// 建立Tcp连接后处理过程
/// </summary>
/// <param name="iar">异步Socket</param>
protected virtual void Connected(IAsyncResult iar)
{
Socket socket = (Socket)iar.AsyncState;
//返回一个与之廉洁的连接
socket.EndConnect(iar);
//创建新的会话
_session = new Session(socket);
_isConnected = true;
allDone.Set();
try
{
_session.ClientSocket.BeginReceive(_recvDataBuffer, 0,
DefaultBufferSize, SocketFlags.None,
new AsyncCallback(RecvData), socket);}
catch(Exception ex)
{
socket.Close();
}
}
/// <summary>
/// 数据接收处理函数
/// </summary>
/// <param name="iar">异步Socket</param>
public string recevie()
{
return this.sb.ToString() ;
}
protected virtual void RecvData(IAsyncResult iar)
{
Socket remote = (Socket)iar.AsyncState;
try
{
string receivedData="" ;
int recv = remote.EndReceive(iar);
if(recv>0)
{
receivedData = System.Text.Encoding.UTF8.GetString(_recvDataBuffer,0,recv ) ;
if(receivedData.EndsWith("<EOF>") )
{
_isEcho=true;
sb.Append(receivedData);
this._session.Datagram= receivedData;
if(ReceivedDatagram==null)
{
ReceivedDatagram(this,new NetEventArgs(_session) ) ;
}
Console.WriteLine(string.Format("{0},来自{1}",receivedData,_session.ClientSocket.RemoteEndPoint.ToString() ) ) ;
this.allDone.Set();
}
else
{
Console.WriteLine("listen");
_session.ClientSocket.BeginReceive(_recvDataBuffer, 0, DefaultBufferSize, SocketFlags.None,
new AsyncCallback(RecvData), _session.ClientSocket);
}
}
}
catch(SocketException ex)
{
Console.WriteLine(ex.ToString() );
}
}
#endregion
}
/// <summary>
/// 通讯编码格式提供者,为通讯服务提供编码和解码服务
/// 你可以在继承类中定制自己的编码方式如:数据加密传输等
/// </summary>
public class Coder
{
/// <summary>
/// 编码方式
/// </summary>
private EncodingMothord _encodingMothord;
protected Coder()
{
}
public Coder(EncodingMothord encodingMothord)
{
_encodingMothord = encodingMothord;
}
public enum EncodingMothord
{
gb2312=0,
Default ,
Unicode,
UTF8,
ASCII,
}
/// <summary>
/// 通讯数据解码
/// </summary>
/// <param name="dataBytes">需要解码的数据</param>
/// <returns>编码后的数据</returns>
public virtual string GetEncodingString( byte [] dataBytes,int size)
{
switch( _encodingMothord )
{
case EncodingMothord.gb2312:
{
return Encoding.GetEncoding("gb2312").GetString(dataBytes,0,size);
}
case EncodingMothord.Default:
{
return Encoding.Default.GetString(dataBytes,0,size);
}
case EncodingMothord.Unicode:
{
return Encoding.Unicode.GetString(dataBytes,0,size);
}
case EncodingMothord.UTF8:
{
return Encoding.UTF8.GetString(dataBytes,0,size);
}
case EncodingMothord.ASCII:
{
return Encoding.ASCII.GetString(dataBytes,0,size);
}
default:
{
throw( new Exception("未定义的编码格式"));
}
}
}
/// <summary>
/// 数据编码
/// </summary>
/// <param name="datagram">需要编码的报文</param>
/// <returns>编码后的数据</returns>
public virtual byte[] GetEncodingBytes(string datagram)
{
switch( _encodingMothord)
{
case EncodingMothord.gb2312:
{
return Encoding.GetEncoding("gb2312").GetBytes(datagram);
}
case EncodingMothord.Default:
{
return Encoding.Default.GetBytes(datagram);
}
case EncodingMothord.Unicode:
{
return Encoding.Unicode.GetBytes(datagram);
}
case EncodingMothord.UTF8:
{
return Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(datagram);
}
case EncodingMothord.ASCII:
{
return Encoding.ASCII.GetBytes(datagram);
}
default:
{
throw( new Exception("未定义的编码格式"));
}
}
}
}
/// <summary>
/// 数据报文分析器,通过分析接收到的原始数据,得到完整的数据报文.
/// 继承该类可以实现自己的报文解析方法.
/// 通常的报文识别方法包括:固定长度,长度标记,标记符等方法
/// 本类的现实的是标记符的方法,你可以在继承类中实现其他的方法
/// </summary>
public class DatagramResolver
{
/// <summary>
/// 报文结束标记
/// </summary>
private string endTag;
/// <summary>
/// 返回结束标记
/// </summary>
string EndTag
{
get
{
return endTag;
}
}
/// <summary>
/// 受保护的默认构造函数,提供给继承类使用
/// </summary>
protected DatagramResolver()
{
}
/// <summary>
/// 构造函数
/// </summary>
/// <param name="endTag">报文结束标记</param>
public DatagramResolver(string endTag)
{
if(endTag == null)
{
throw (new ArgumentNullException("结束标记不能为null"));
}
if(endTag == "")
{
throw (new ArgumentException("结束标记符号不能为空字符串"));
}
this.endTag = endTag;
}
/// <summary>
/// 解析报文
/// </summary>
/// <param name="rawDatagram">原始数据,返回未使用的报文片断,
/// 该片断会保存在Session的Datagram对象中</param>
/// <returns>报文数组,原始数据可能包含多个报文</returns>
public virtual string [] Resolve(ref string rawDatagram)
{
ArrayList datagrams = new ArrayList();
//末尾标记位置索引
int tagIndex =-1;
while(true)
{
tagIndex = rawDatagram.IndexOf(endTag,tagIndex+1);
if( tagIndex == -1 )
{
break;
}
else
{
//按照末尾标记把字符串分为左右两个部分
string newDatagram = rawDatagram.Substring(
0, tagIndex+endTag.Length);
datagrams.Add(newDatagram);
if(tagIndex+endTag.Length >= rawDatagram.Length)
{
rawDatagram="";
break;
}
rawDatagram = rawDatagram.Substring(tagIndex+endTag.Length,
rawDatagram.Length - newDatagram.Length);
//从开始位置开始查找
tagIndex=0;
}
}
string [] results= new string[datagrams.Count];
datagrams.CopyTo(results);
return results;
}
}
/// <summary>
/// 客户端与服务器之间的会话类
///
/// 版本: 1.1
/// 替换版本: 1.0
///
/// 说明:
/// 会话类包含远程通讯端的状态,这些状态包括Socket,报文内容,
/// 客户端退出的类型(正常关闭,强制退出两种类型)
/// </summary>
public class Session:ICloneable
{
#region 字段
/// <summary>
/// 会话ID
/// </summary>
private SessionId _id;
/// <summary>
/// 客户端发送到服务器的报文
/// 注意:在有些情况下报文可能只是报文的片断而不完整
/// </summary>
private string _datagram;
/// <summary>
/// 客户端的Socket
/// </summary>
private Socket _cliSock;
/// <summary>
/// 客户端的退出类型
/// </summary>
private ExitType _exitType;
/// <summary>
/// 退出类型枚举
/// </summary>
public enum ExitType
{
NormalExit ,
ExceptionExit
};
#endregion
#region 属性
/// <summary>
/// 返回会话的ID
/// </summary>
public SessionId ID
{
get
{
return _id;
}
}
/// <summary>
/// 存取会话的报文
/// </summary>
public string Datagram
{
get
{
return _datagram;
}
set
{
_datagram = value;
}
}
/// <summary>
/// 获得与客户端会话关联的Socket对象
/// </summary>
public Socket ClientSocket
{
get
{
return _cliSock;
}
}
/// <summary>
/// 存取客户端的退出方式
/// </summary>
public ExitType TypeOfExit
{
get
{
return _exitType;
}
set
{
_exitType = value;
}
}
#endregion
#region 方法
/// <summary>
/// 使用Socket对象的Handle值作为HashCode,它具有良好的线性特征.
/// </summary>
/// <returns></returns>
public override int GetHashCode()
{
return (int)_cliSock.Handle;
}
/// <summary>
/// 返回两个Session是否代表同一个客户端
/// </summary>
/// <param name="obj"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
public override bool Equals(object obj)
{
Session rightObj = (Session)obj;
return (int)_cliSock.Handle == (int)rightObj.ClientSocket.Handle;
}
/// <summary>
/// 重载ToString()方法,返回Session对象的特征
/// </summary>
/// <returns></returns>
public override string ToString()
{
string result = string.Format("Session:{0},IP:{1}",
_id,_cliSock.RemoteEndPoint.ToString());
//result.C
return result;
}
/// <summary>
/// 构造函数
/// </summary>
/// <param name="cliSock">会话使用的Socket连接</param>
public Session( Socket cliSock)
{
Debug.Assert( cliSock !=null );
_cliSock = cliSock;
_id = new SessionId( (int)cliSock.Handle);
}
/// <summary>
/// 关闭会话
/// </summary>
public void Close()
{
Debug.Assert( _cliSock !=null );
//关闭数据的接受和发送
_cliSock.Shutdown( SocketShutdown.Both );
//清理资源
_cliSock.Close();
}
#endregion
#region ICloneable 成员
object System.ICloneable.Clone()
{
Session newSession = new Session(_cliSock);
newSession.Datagram = _datagram;
newSession.TypeOfExit = _exitType;
return newSession;
}
#endregion
}
/// <summary>
/// 唯一的标志一个Session,辅助Session对象在Hash表中完成特定功能
/// </summary>
public class SessionId
{
/// <summary>
/// 与Session对象的Socket对象的Handle值相同,必须用这个值来初始化它
/// </summary>
private int _id;
/// <summary>
/// 返回ID值
/// </summary>
public int ID
{
get
{
return _id;
}
}
/// <summary>
/// 构造函数
/// </summary>
/// <param name="id">Socket的Handle值</param>
public SessionId(int id)
{
_id = id;
}
/// <summary>
/// 重载.为了符合Hashtable键值特征
/// </summary>
/// <param name="obj"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
public override bool Equals(object obj)
{
if(obj != null )
{
SessionId right = (SessionId) obj;
return _id == right._id;
}
else if(this == null)
{
return true;
}
else
{
return false;
}
}
/// <summary>
/// 重载.为了符合Hashtable键值特征
/// </summary>
/// <returns></returns>
public override int GetHashCode()
{
return _id;
}
/// <summary>
/// 重载,为了方便显示输出
/// </summary>
/// <returns></returns>
public override string ToString()
{
return _id.ToString ();
}
}
/// <summary>
/// 服务器程序的事件参数,包含了激发该事件的会话对象
/// </summary>
public class NetEventArgs:EventArgs
{
#region 字段
/// <summary>
/// 客户端与服务器之间的会话
/// </summary>
private Session _client;
#endregion
#region 构造函数
/// <summary>
/// 构造函数
/// </summary>
/// <param name="client">客户端会话</param>
public NetEventArgs(Session client)
{
if( null == client)
{
throw(new ArgumentNullException());
}
_client = client;
}
#endregion
#region 属性
/// <summary>
/// 获得激发该事件的会话对象
/// </summary>
public Session Client
{
get
{
return _client;
}
}
#endregion
}
#endregion
}
具体调用为：
using System;
using System.Collections;
using System.Diagnostics;
using System.Net.Sockets;
using System.Net;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading;
namespace test
{
/// <summary>
/// Class1 的摘要说明。
/// </summary>
class Class1
{
/// <summary>
/// 应用程序的主入口点。
/// </summary>
[STAThread]
static void Main(string[] args)
{
//
// TODO: 在此处添加代码以启动应用程序
//
string op="";
while((op=Console.ReadLine())!="exit" )
{
if(op!="")
{
s( op);
}
}
}
static void s(string d)
{
Client.CSocket _socket=new Client.CSocket();
_socket.Connect("192.168.0.100",9010);
_socket.Send(d +"<EOF>");
sd ds=new sd();
_socket.ReceivedDatagram+=new Client.NetEvent(ds.asd);
}
}
class sd
{
public void asd(object send,Client.NetEventArgs e)
{
}
}
}
用<eof>标记来说明一段报文的结束，同时在各个阶段可以构造事件让两个类更通用些，基本上完成了socket的异步通讯，可以再增加一个协议类，你可以利用两类来实现符合你业务逻辑的协议，相互通讯