学步园

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我的项目当中，考虑到安全性，需要为每个客户端分发一个数字证书，同时使用数字证书中的公私钥来进行数据的加解密。为了完成这个安全模块，特写了如下一个DEMO程序，该DEMO程序包含的功能有：

1：调用.NET2.0的MAKECERT创建含有私钥的数字证书，并存储到个人证书区；

2：将该证书导出为pfx文件，并为其指定一个用来打开pfx文件的password；

3：读取pfx文件，导出pfx中公钥和私钥；

4：用pfx证书中的公钥进行数据的加密，用私钥进行数据的解密；

系统界面：

代码如下：

/// <summary><br /> /// 将证书从证书存储区导出，并存储为pfx文件，同时为pfx文件指定打开的密码<br /> /// 本函数同时也演示如何用公钥进行加密，私钥进行解密<br /> /// </summary><br /> /// <param name="sender"></param><br /> /// <param name="e"></param><br /> private void btn_toPfxFile_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)<br /> {<br /> X509Store store = new X509Store(StoreName.My, StoreLocation.CurrentUser);<br /> store.Open(OpenFlags.ReadWrite);<br /> X509Certificate2Collection storecollection = (X509Certificate2Collection)store.Certificates;<br /> foreach (X509Certificate2 x509 in storecollection)<br /> {<br /> if (x509.Subject == "CN=luminji")<br /> {<br /> Debug.Print(string.Format("certificate name: {0}", x509.Subject));<br /> byte[] pfxByte = x509.Export(X509ContentType.Pfx, "123");<br /> using (FileStream fileStream = new FileStream("luminji.pfx", FileMode.Create))<br /> {<br /> // Write the data to the file, byte by byte.<br /> for (int i = 0; i < pfxByte.Length; i++)<br /> fileStream.WriteByte(pfxByte[i]);<br /> // Set the stream position to the beginning of the file.<br /> fileStream.Seek(0, SeekOrigin.Begin);<br /> // Read and verify the data.<br /> for (int i = 0; i < fileStream.Length; i++)<br /> {<br /> if (pfxByte[i] != fileStream.ReadByte())<br /> {<br /> Debug.Print("Error writing data.");<br /> return;<br /> }<br /> }<br /> fileStream.Close();<br /> Debug.Print("The data was written to {0} " +<br /> "and verified.", fileStream.Name);<br /> }<br /> string myname = "my name is luminji! and i love huzhonghua!";<br /> string enStr = this.RSAEncrypt(x509.PublicKey.Key.ToXmlString(false), myname);<br /> MessageBox.Show("密文是：" + enStr);<br /> string deStr = this.RSADecrypt(x509.PrivateKey.ToXmlString(true), enStr);<br /> MessageBox.Show("明文是：" + deStr);<br /> }<br /> }<br /> store.Close();<br /> store = null;<br /> storecollection = null;<br /> }<br /> /// <summary><br /> /// 创建还有私钥的证书<br /> /// </summary><br /> /// <param name="sender"></param><br /> /// <param name="e"></param><br /> private void btn_createPfx_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)<br /> {<br /> string MakeCert = "C://Program Files//Microsoft Visual Studio 8//SDK//v2.0//Bin//makecert.exe";<br /> string x509Name = "CN=luminji";<br /> string param = " -pe -ss my -n /"" + x509Name + "/" " ;<br /> Process p = Process.Start(MakeCert, param);<br /> p.WaitForExit();<br /> p.Close();<br /> MessageBox.Show("over");<br /> }<br /> /// <summary><br /> /// 从pfx文件读取证书信息<br /> /// </summary><br /> /// <param name="sender"></param><br /> /// <param name="e"></param><br /> private void btn_readFromPfxFile(object sender, EventArgs e)<br /> {<br /> X509Certificate2 pc = new X509Certificate2("luminji.pfx", "123");<br /> MessageBox.Show("name:" + pc.SubjectName.Name);<br /> MessageBox.Show("public:" + pc.PublicKey.ToString());<br /> MessageBox.Show("private:" + pc.PrivateKey.ToString());<br /> pc = null;<br /> }<br /> /// <summary><br /> /// RSA解密<br /> /// </summary><br /> /// <param name="xmlPrivateKey"></param><br /> /// <param name="m_strDecryptString"></param><br /> /// <returns></returns><br /> public string RSADecrypt(string xmlPrivateKey, string m_strDecryptString)<br /> {<br /> RSACryptoServiceProvider provider = new RSACryptoServiceProvider();<br /> provider.FromXmlString(xmlPrivateKey);<br /> byte[] rgb = Convert.FromBase64String(m_strDecryptString);<br /> byte[] bytes = provider.Decrypt(rgb, false);<br /> return new UnicodeEncoding().GetString(bytes);<br /> }<br /> /// <summary><br /> /// RSA加密<br /> /// </summary><br /> /// <param name="xmlPublicKey"></param><br /> /// <param name="m_strEncryptString"></param><br /> /// <returns></returns><br /> public string RSAEncrypt(string xmlPublicKey, string m_strEncryptString)<br /> {<br /> RSACryptoServiceProvider provider = new RSACryptoServiceProvider();<br /> provider.FromXmlString(xmlPublicKey);<br /> byte[] bytes = new UnicodeEncoding().GetBytes(m_strEncryptString);<br /> return Convert.ToBase64String(provider.Encrypt(bytes, false));<br /> }

上文是一个示例程序，一个完整的证书工具类如下：

public sealed class DataCertificate<br /> {<br /> #region 生成证书<br /> /// <summary><br /> /// 根据指定的证书名和makecert全路径生成证书（包含公钥和私钥，并保存在MY存储区）<br /> /// </summary><br /> /// <param name="subjectName"></param><br /> /// <param name="makecertPath"></param><br /> /// <returns></returns><br /> public static bool CreateCertWithPrivateKey(string subjectName, string makecertPath)<br /> {<br /> subjectName = "CN=" + subjectName;<br /> string param = " -pe -ss my -n /"" + subjectName + "/" ";<br /> try<br /> {<br /> Process p = Process.Start(makecertPath, param);<br /> p.WaitForExit();<br /> p.Close();<br /> }<br /> catch (Exception e)<br /> {<br /> LogRecord.putErrorLog(e.ToString(), "DataCerficate.CreateCertWithPrivateKey");<br /> return false;<br /> }<br /> return true;<br /> }<br /> #endregion</p> <p> #region 文件导入导出<br /> /// <summary><br /> /// 从WINDOWS证书存储区的个人MY区找到主题为subjectName的证书，<br /> /// 并导出为pfx文件，同时为其指定一个密码<br /> /// 并将证书从个人区删除(如果isDelFromstor为true)<br /> /// </summary><br /> /// <param name="subjectName">证书主题，不包含CN=</param><br /> /// <param name="pfxFileName">pfx文件名</param><br /> /// <param name="password">pfx文件密码</param><br /> /// <param name="isDelFromStore">是否从存储区删除</param><br /> /// <returns></returns><br /> public static bool ExportToPfxFile(string subjectName, string pfxFileName,<br /> string password, bool isDelFromStore)<br /> {<br /> subjectName = "CN=" + subjectName;<br /> X509Store store = new X509Store(StoreName.My, StoreLocation.CurrentUser);<br /> store.Open(OpenFlags.ReadWrite);<br /> X509Certificate2Collection storecollection = (X509Certificate2Collection)store.Certificates;<br /> foreach (X509Certificate2 x509 in storecollection)<br /> {<br /> if (x509.Subject == subjectName)<br /> {<br /> Debug.Print(string.Format("certificate name: {0}", x509.Subject));</p> <p> byte[] pfxByte = x509.Export(X509ContentType.Pfx, password);<br /> using (FileStream fileStream = new FileStream(pfxFileName, FileMode.Create))<br /> {<br /> // Write the data to the file, byte by byte.<br /> for (int i = 0; i < pfxByte.Length; i++)<br /> fileStream.WriteByte(pfxByte[i]);<br /> // Set the stream position to the beginning of the file.<br /> fileStream.Seek(0, SeekOrigin.Begin);<br /> // Read and verify the data.<br /> for (int i = 0; i < fileStream.Length; i++)<br /> {<br /> if (pfxByte[i] != fileStream.ReadByte())<br /> {<br /> LogRecord.putErrorLog("Export pfx error while verify the pfx file!", "ExportToPfxFile");<br /> fileStream.Close();<br /> return false;<br /> }<br /> }<br /> fileStream.Close();<br /> }<br /> if( isDelFromStore == true)<br /> store.Remove(x509);<br /> }<br /> }<br /> store.Close();<br /> store = null;<br /> storecollection = null;<br /> return true;<br /> }<br /> /// <summary><br /> /// 从WINDOWS证书存储区的个人MY区找到主题为subjectName的证书，<br /> /// 并导出为CER文件（即，只含公钥的）<br /> /// </summary><br /> /// <param name="subjectName"></param><br /> /// <param name="cerFileName"></param><br /> /// <returns></returns><br /> public static bool ExportToCerFile(string subjectName, string cerFileName)<br /> {<br /> subjectName = "CN=" + subjectName;<br /> X509Store store = new X509Store(StoreName.My, StoreLocation.CurrentUser);<br /> store.Open(OpenFlags.ReadWrite);<br /> X509Certificate2Collection storecollection = (X509Certificate2Collection)store.Certificates;<br /> foreach (X509Certificate2 x509 in storecollection)<br /> {<br /> if (x509.Subject == subjectName)<br /> {<br /> Debug.Print(string.Format("certificate name: {0}", x509.Subject));<br /> //byte[] pfxByte = x509.Export(X509ContentType.Pfx, password);<br /> byte[] cerByte = x509.Export(X509ContentType.Cert);<br /> using (FileStream fileStream = new FileStream(cerFileName, FileMode.Create))<br /> {<br /> // Write the data to the file, byte by byte.<br /> for (int i = 0; i < cerByte.Length; i++)<br /> fileStream.WriteByte(cerByte[i]);<br /> // Set the stream position to the beginning of the file.<br /> fileStream.Seek(0, SeekOrigin.Begin);<br /> // Read and verify the data.<br /> for (int i = 0; i < fileStream.Length; i++)<br /> {<br /> if (cerByte[i] != fileStream.ReadByte())<br /> {<br /> LogRecord.putErrorLog("Export CER error while verify the CERT file!", "ExportToCERFile");<br /> fileStream.Close();<br /> return false;<br /> }<br /> }<br /> fileStream.Close();<br /> }<br /> }<br /> }<br /> store.Close();<br /> store = null;<br /> storecollection = null;<br /> return true;<br /> }<br /> #endregion</p> <p> #region 从证书中获取信息<br /> /// <summary><br /> /// 根据私钥证书得到证书实体，得到实体后可以根据其公钥和私钥进行加解密<br /> /// 加解密函数使用DEncrypt的RSACryption类<br /> /// </summary><br /> /// <param name="pfxFileName"></param><br /> /// <param name="password"></param><br /> /// <returns></returns><br /> public static X509Certificate2 GetCertificateFromPfxFile(string pfxFileName,<br /> string password)<br /> {<br /> try<br /> {<br /> return new X509Certificate2(pfxFileName, password, X509KeyStorageFlags.Exportable);<br /> }<br /> catch (Exception e)<br /> {<br /> LogRecord.putErrorLog("get certificate from pfx" + pfxFileName + " error:" + e.ToString(),<br /> "GetCertificateFromPfxFile");<br /> return null;<br /> }<br /> }<br /> /// <summary><br /> /// 到存储区获取证书<br /> /// </summary><br /> /// <param name="subjectName"></param><br /> /// <returns></returns><br /> public static X509Certificate2 GetCertificateFromStore(string subjectName)<br /> {<br /> subjectName = "CN=" + subjectName;<br /> X509Store store = new X509Store(StoreName.My, StoreLocation.CurrentUser);<br /> store.Open(OpenFlags.ReadWrite);<br /> X509Certificate2Collection storecollection = (X509Certificate2Collection)store.Certificates;<br /> foreach (X509Certificate2 x509 in storecollection)<br /> {<br /> if (x509.Subject == subjectName)<br /> {<br /> return x509;<br /> }<br /> }<br /> store.Close();<br /> store = null;<br /> storecollection = null;<br /> return null;<br /> }<br /> /// <summary><br /> /// 根据公钥证书，返回证书实体<br /> /// </summary><br /> /// <param name="cerPath"></param><br /> public static X509Certificate2 GetCertFromCerFile(string cerPath)<br /> {<br /> try<br /> {<br /> return new X509Certificate2(cerPath);<br /> }<br /> catch (Exception e)<br /> {<br /> LogRecord.putErrorLog(e.ToString(), "DataCertificate.LoadStudentPublicKey");<br /> return null;<br /> }<br /> }<br /> #endregion<br /> }