现在的位置: 首页 > 综合 > 正文

iPhone开发进阶(9)— 用SQLite管理数据库

2013年10月07日 ⁄ 综合 ⁄ 共 9465字 ⁄ 字号 评论关闭
  • 博主:易飞扬
  • 原文链接 : http://www.yifeiyang.net/iphone-developer-advanced-9-management-database-using-sqlite/

    转载请保留上面文字。

    iPhone开发进阶(9)--- 用SQLite管理数据库

    今天我们来看看 iPhone 中数据库的使用方法。iPhone 中使用名为 SQLite 的数据库管理系统。它是一款轻型的数据库,是遵守ACID的关联式数据库管理系统,它的设计目标是嵌入式的,而且目前已经在很多嵌入式产品中使用了它,它占用资源非常的低,在嵌入式设备中,可能只需要几百K的内存就够了。它能够支持Windows/Linux/Unix等等主流的操作系统,同时能够跟很多程序语言相结合,比如Tcl、PHP、Java等,还有ODBC接口,同样比起Mysql、PostgreSQL这两款开源世界著名的数据库管理系统来讲,它的处理速度比他们都快。

    其使用步骤大致分为以下几步:

    1. 创建DB文件和表格
    2. 添加必须的库文件(FMDB for iPhone, libsqlite3.0.dylib)
    3. 通过 FMDB 的方法使用 SQLite
    创建DB文件和表格

    $ sqlite3 sample.db
    sqlite> CREATE TABLE TEST(
       ...>  id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY,
       ...>  name VARCHAR(255)
       ...> ); 

     

     

    简单地使用上面的语句生成数据库文件后,用一个图形化SQLite管理工具,比如 Lita 来管理还是很方便的。

    然后将文件(sample.db)添加到工程中。

    添加必须的库文件(FMDB for iPhone, libsqlite3.0.dylib)

    首先添加 Apple 提供的 sqlite 操作用程序库 ibsqlite3.0.dylib 到工程中。

    位置如下/Developer/Platforms/iPhoneOS.platform/Developer/SDKs/iPhoneOS${VER}.sdk/usr/lib/libsqlite3.0.dylib

    这样一来就可以访问数据库了,但是为了更加方便的操作数据库,这里使用 FMDB for iPhone。

    svn co http://flycode.googlecode.com/svn/trunk/fmdb fmdb

    如上下载该库,并将以下文件添加到工程文件中:

    FMDatabase.h
    FMDatabase.m
    FMDatabaseAdditions.h
    FMDatabaseAdditions.m
    FMResultSet.h
    FMResultSet.m
    通过 FMDB 的方法使用 SQLite 

    使用 SQL 操作数据库的代码在程序库的 fmdb.m 文件中大部分都列出了、只是连接数据库文件的时候需要注意 — 执行的时候,参照的数据库路径位于 Document 目录下,之前把刚才的 sample.db 文件拷贝过去就好了。

    位置如下/Users/xxxx/Library/Application Support/iPhone Simulator/User/Applications/xxxx/Documents/sample.db

     

    以下为链接数据库时的代码:

    BOOL success;
    NSError *error;
    NSFileManager *fm = [NSFileManager defaultManager];
    NSArray  *paths = NSSearchPathForDirectoriesInDomains(NSDocumentDirectory, NSUserDomainMask, YES);
    NSString *documentsDirectory = [paths objectAtIndex:0];
    NSString *writableDBPath = [documentsDirectory stringByAppendingPathComponent:@"sample.db"];
    success = [fm fileExistsAtPath:writableDBPath];
    if(!success){
      NSString *defaultDBPath = [[[NSBundle mainBundle] resourcePath] stringByAppendingPathComponent:@"sample.db"];
      success = [fm copyItemAtPath:defaultDBPath toPath:writableDBPath error:&error];
      if(!success){
        NSLog([error localizedDescription]);
      }
    }

    // 连接DB
    FMDatabase* db = [FMDatabase databaseWithPath:writableDBPath];
    if ([db open]) {
      [db setShouldCacheStatements:YES];

      // INSERT
      [db beginTransaction];
      int i = 0;
      while (i++ < 20) {
        [db executeUpdate:@"INSERT INTO TEST (name) values (?)" , [NSString stringWithFormat:@"number %d", i]];
        if ([db hadError]) {
          NSLog(@"Err %d: %@", [db lastErrorCode], [db lastErrorMessage]);
        }
      }
      [db commit];

      // SELECT
      FMResultSet *rs = [db executeQuery:@"SELECT * FROM TEST"];
      while ([rs next]) {
        NSLog(@"%d %@", [rs intForColumn:@"id"], [rs stringForColumn:@"name"]);
      }
      [rs close];
      [db close];
    }else{
      NSLog(@"Could not open db.");
    }

    接下来再看看用 DAO 的形式来访问数据库的使用方法,代码整体构造如下。

     


    sqlite

     

    首先创建如下格式的数据库文件:

     

    $ sqlite3 sample.db
    sqlite> CREATE TABLE TbNote(
       ...>  id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY,
       ...>  title VARCHAR(255),
       ...>  body VARCHAR(255)
       ...> );

     

    创建DTO(Data Transfer Object)

     

    //TbNote.h
    #import <Foundation/Foundation.h>

    @interface TbNote : NSObject {
      int index;
      NSString *title;
      NSString *body;
    }

    @property (nonatomic, retain) NSString *title;
    @property (nonatomic, retain) NSString *body;

    - (id)initWithIndex :( int)newIndex Title :( NSString *)newTitle Body :( NSString *)newBody;
    - (int)getIndex;

    @end

    //TbNote.m
    #import "TbNote.h"

    @implementation TbNote
    @synthesize title, body;

    - (id)initWithIndex :( int)newIndex Title :( NSString *)newTitle Body :( NSString *)newBody{
      if(self = [super init]){
        index = newIndex;
        self.title = newTitle;
        self.body = newBody;
      }
      return self;
    }

    - (int)getIndex{
      return index;
    }

    - (void)dealloc {
      [title release];
      [body release];
      [super dealloc];
    }

    @end

    创建DAO(Data Access Objects)

    这里将 FMDB 的函数调用封装为 DAO 的方式。

    //BaseDao.h
    #import <Foundation/Foundation.h>

    @class FMDatabase;

    @interface BaseDao : NSObject {
      FMDatabase *db;
    }

    @property (nonatomic, retain) FMDatabase *db;

    -(NSString *)setTable :( NSString *)sql;

    @end

    //BaseDao.m
    #import "SqlSampleAppDelegate.h"
    #import "FMDatabase.h"
    #import "FMDatabaseAdditions.h"
    #import "BaseDao.h"

    @implementation BaseDao
    @synthesize db;

    - (id)init{
      if(self = [super init]){
        // 由 AppDelegate 取得打开的数据库
        SqlSampleAppDelegate *appDelegate = (SqlSampleAppDelegate *)[[UIApplication sharedApplication] delegate];
        db = [[appDelegate db] retain];
      }
      return self;
    }
    // 子类中实现
    -(NSString *)setTable :( NSString *)sql{
      return NULL;
    }

    - (void)dealloc {
      [db release];
      [super dealloc];
    }

    @end

    下面是访问 TbNote 表格的类。

     

    //TbNoteDao.h
    #import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
    #import "BaseDao.h"

    @interface TbNoteDao : BaseDao {
    }

    -(NSMutableArray *)select;
    -(void)insertWithTitle :( NSString *)title Body :( NSString *)body;
    -(BOOL)updateAt :( int)index Title :( NSString *)title Body :( NSString *)body;
    -(BOOL)deleteAt :( int)index;

    @end

    //TbNoteDao.m
    #import "FMDatabase.h"
    #import "FMDatabaseAdditions.h"
    #import "TbNoteDao.h"
    #import "TbNote.h"

    @implementation TbNoteDao

    -(NSString *)setTable :( NSString *)sql{
      return [NSString stringWithFormat:sql,  @"TbNote"];
    }
    // SELECT
    -(NSMutableArray *)select{
      NSMutableArray *result = [[[NSMutableArray alloc] initWithCapacity:0] autorelease];
      FMResultSet *rs = [db executeQuery:[self setTable:@"SELECT * FROM %@"]];
      while ([rs next]) {
        TbNote *tr = [[TbNote alloc]
                  initWithIndex:[rs intForColumn:@"id"]
                  Title:[rs stringForColumn:@"title"]
                  Body:[rs stringForColumn:@"body"]
                  ];
        [result addObject:tr];
        [tr release];
      }
      [rs close];
      return result;
    }
    // INSERT
    -(void)insertWithTitle :( NSString *)title Body :( NSString *)body{
      [db executeUpdate:[self setTable:@"INSERT INTO %@ (title, body) VALUES (?,?)"], title, body];
      if ([db hadError]) {
        NSLog(@"Err %d: %@", [db lastErrorCode], [db lastErrorMessage]);
      }
    }
    // UPDATE
    -(BOOL)updateAt :( int)index Title :( NSString *)title Body :( NSString *)body{
      BOOL success = YES;
      [db executeUpdate:[self setTable:@"UPDATE %@ SET title=?, body=? WHERE id=?"], title, body, [NSNumber numberWithInt:index]];
      if ([db hadError]) {
        NSLog(@"Err %d: %@", [db lastErrorCode], [db lastErrorMessage]);
        success = NO;
      }
      return success;
    }
    // DELETE
    - (BOOL)deleteAt :( int)index{
      BOOL success = YES;
      [db executeUpdate:[self setTable:@"DELETE FROM %@ WHERE id = ?"], [NSNumber numberWithInt:index]];
      if ([db hadError]) {
        NSLog(@"Err %d: %@", [db lastErrorCode], [db lastErrorMessage]);
        success = NO;
      }
      return success;
    }

    - (void)dealloc {
      [super dealloc];
    }

    @end

    为了确认程序正确,我们添加一个 UITableView。使用 initWithNibName 测试 DAO。

     

    //NoteController.h
    #import <UIKit/UIKit.h>

    @class TbNoteDao;

    @interface NoteController : UIViewController <UITableViewDataSource, UITableViewDelegate>{
      UITableView *myTableView;
      TbNoteDao *tbNoteDao;
      NSMutableArray *record;
    }

    @property (nonatomic, retain) UITableView *myTableView;
    @property (nonatomic, retain) TbNoteDao *tbNoteDao;
    @property (nonatomic, retain) NSMutableArray *record;

    @end

    //NoteController.m
    #import "NoteController.h"
    #import "TbNoteDao.h"
    #import "TbNote.h"

    @implementation NoteController
    @synthesize myTableView, tbNoteDao, record;

    - (id)initWithNibName :( NSString *)nibNameOrNil bundle :( NSBundle *)nibBundleOrNil {
      if (self = [super initWithNibName:nibNameOrNil bundle:nibBundleOrNil]) {
        tbNoteDao = [[TbNoteDao alloc] init];
        [tbNoteDao insertWithTitle:@"TEST TITLE" Body:@"TEST BODY"];
    //    [tbNoteDao updateAt:1 Title:@"UPDATE TEST" Body:@"UPDATE BODY"];
    //    [tbNoteDao deleteAt:1];
        record = [[tbNoteDao select] retain];
      }
      return self;
    }

    - (void)viewDidLoad {
      [super viewDidLoad];
      myTableView = [[UITableView alloc] initWithFrame:[[UIScreen mainScreen] applicationFrame]];
      myTableView.delegate = self;
      myTableView.dataSource = self;
      self.view = myTableView;
    }

    - (NSInteger)numberOfSectionsInTableView :( UITableView *)tableView {
      return 1;
    }

    - (NSInteger)tableView :( UITableView *)tableView numberOfRowsInSection :( NSInteger)section {
      return [record count];
    }

    - (UITableViewCell *)tableView :( UITableView *)tableView cellForRowAtIndexPath :( NSIndexPath *)indexPath {
      static NSString *CellIdentifier = @"Cell";

      UITableViewCell *cell = [tableView dequeueReusableCellWithIdentifier:CellIdentifier];
      if (cell == nil) {
        cell = [[[UITableViewCell alloc] initWithFrame:CGRectZero reuseIdentifier:CellIdentifier] autorelease];
      }
      TbNote *tr = (TbNote *)[record objectAtIndex:indexPath.row];
      cell.text = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%i %@", [tr getIndex], tr.title];
      return cell;
    }

    - (void)didReceiveMemoryWarning {
      [super didReceiveMemoryWarning];
    }

    - (void)dealloc {
      [super dealloc];
    }

    @end

     

    最后我们开看看连接DB,和添加 ViewController 的处理。这一同样不使用 Interface Builder。

    //SqlSampleAppDelegate.h
    #import <UIKit/UIKit.h>

    @class FMDatabase;

    @interface SqlSampleAppDelegate : NSObject <UIApplicationDelegate> {
      UIWindow *window;
      FMDatabase *db;
    }

    @property (nonatomic, retain) IBOutlet UIWindow *window;
    @property (nonatomic, retain) FMDatabase *db;

    - (BOOL)initDatabase;
    - (void)closeDatabase;

    @end

    //SqlSampleAppDelegate.m
    #import "SqlSampleAppDelegate.h"
    #import "FMDatabase.h"
    #import "FMDatabaseAdditions.h"
    #import "NoteController.h"

    @implementation SqlSampleAppDelegate

    @synthesize window;
    @synthesize db;

    - (void)applicationDidFinishLaunching :( UIApplication *)application {
      if (![self initDatabase]){
        NSLog(@"Failed to init Database.");
      }
      NoteController *ctrl = [[NoteController alloc] initWithNibName:nil bundle:nil];
      [window addSubview:ctrl.view];
      [window makeKeyAndVisible];
    }

    - (BOOL)initDatabase{
      BOOL success;
      NSError *error;
      NSFileManager *fm = [NSFileManager defaultManager];
      NSArray  *paths = NSSearchPathForDirectoriesInDomains(NSDocumentDirectory, NSUserDomainMask, YES);
      NSString *documentsDirectory = [paths objectAtIndex:0];
      NSString *writableDBPath = [documentsDirectory stringByAppendingPathComponent:@"sample.db"];

      success = [fm fileExistsAtPath:writableDBPath];
      if(!success){
        NSString *defaultDBPath = [[[NSBundle mainBundle] resourcePath] stringByAppendingPathComponent:@"sample.db"];
        success = [fm copyItemAtPath:defaultDBPath toPath:writableDBPath error:&error];
        if(!success){
          NSLog([error localizedDescription]);
        }
        success = NO;
      }
      if(success){
        db = [[FMDatabase databaseWithPath:writableDBPath] retain];
        if ([db open]) {
          [db setShouldCacheStatements:YES];
        }else{
          NSLog(@"Failed to open database.");
          success = NO;
        }
      }
      return success;
    }

    - (void) closeDatabase{
      [db close];
    }

    - (void)dealloc {
      [db release];
      [window release];
      [super dealloc];
    }

    @end

  • 抱歉!评论已关闭.