学步园

1. 使用maven创建一个jpa的测试工程

mvn archetype:create -DgroupId=myjpa -DartifactId=myjpa 

2. 添加jpa所依赖的包，这里使用的hibernate的jpa实现，并且使用hsql数据库作为测试数据库

<build><br /> <plugins><br /> <plugin><br /> <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId><br /> <configuration><br /> <source>1.5</source><br /> <target>1.5</target><br /> </configuration><br /> </plugin><br /> </plugins><br /> </build><br /> <dependencies><br /> <dependency><br /> <groupId>commons-lang</groupId><br /> <artifactId>commons-lang</artifactId><br /> <version>2.4</version><br /> </dependency><br /> <dependency><br /> <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId><br /> <artifactId>slf4j-api</artifactId><br /> <version>1.5.8</version><br /> </dependency><br /> <dependency><br /> <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId><br /> <artifactId>slf4j-jdk14</artifactId><br /> <version>1.5.8</version><br /> </dependency></p> <p> <dependency><br /> <groupId>hsqldb</groupId><br /> <artifactId>hsqldb</artifactId><br /> <version>1.8.0.7</version><br /> </dependency><br /> <dependency><br /> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId><br /> <artifactId>spring</artifactId><br /> <version>2.5</version><br /> </dependency><br /> <dependency><br /> <groupId>org.hibernate</groupId><br /> <artifactId>hibernate-core</artifactId><br /> <version>3.3.1.GA</version><br /> </dependency><br /> <dependency><br /> <groupId>org.hibernate</groupId><br /> <artifactId>hibernate-annotations</artifactId><br /> <version>3.3.1.GA</version><br /> </dependency><br /> <dependency><br /> <groupId>hibernate</groupId><br /> <artifactId>hibernate-entitymanager</artifactId><br /> <version>3.4.0.GA</version><br /> </dependency><br /> <dependency><br /> <groupId>junit</groupId><br /> <artifactId>junit</artifactId><br /> <version>4.3.1</version><br /> <scope>test</scope><br /> </dependency><br /> <dependencies> 

3. 创建两个model类

Customer.java

package myjpa.model;<br /> import java.io.Serializable;<br /> import java.util.ArrayList;<br /> import java.util.Date;<br /> import java.util.List;<br /> import javax.persistence.Entity;<br /> import javax.persistence.GeneratedValue;<br /> import javax.persistence.GenerationType;<br /> import javax.persistence.Id;<br /> import javax.persistence.OneToMany;<br /> import javax.persistence.Temporal;<br /> import javax.persistence.TemporalType;<br /> @Entity<br /> public class Customer implements Serializable {<br /> private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;<br /> @Id<br /> @GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.TABLE)<br /> private int id;<br /> private String name;<br /> private String email;<br /> @Temporal(TemporalType.DATE)<br /> private Date birthday;<br /> @OneToMany(mappedBy = "customer")<br /> private final List<Address> addresses = new ArrayList<Address>();</p> <p> public int getId() {<br /> return id;<br /> }<br /> public void setId(int id) {<br /> this.id = id;<br /> }<br /> public String getName() {<br /> return name;<br /> }<br /> public void setName(String name) {<br /> this.name = name;<br /> }<br /> public String getEmail() {<br /> return email;<br /> }<br /> public void setEmail(String email) {<br /> this.email = email;<br /> }<br /> public Date getBirthday() {<br /> return birthday;<br /> }<br /> public void setBirthday(Date birthday) {<br /> this.birthday = birthday;<br /> }<br /> public List<Address> getAddresses() {<br /> return addresses;<br /> }<br /> public void addAddress(Address address) {<br /> this.addresses.add(address);<br /> address.setCustomer(this);<br /> }<br /> @Override<br /> public String toString() {<br /> return org.apache.commons.lang.builder.ToStringBuilder.reflectionToString(this);<br /> }<br /> } 

Address.java

package myjpa.model;<br /> import java.io.Serializable;<br /> import javax.persistence.Entity;<br /> import javax.persistence.GeneratedValue;<br /> import javax.persistence.GenerationType;<br /> import javax.persistence.Id;<br /> import javax.persistence.ManyToOne;<br /> @Entity<br /> public class Address implements Serializable {<br /> private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;<br /> @Id<br /> @GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.TABLE)<br /> private int id;<br /> private String name;<br /> private String description;<br /> private String zipcode;<br /> @ManyToOne<br /> private Customer customer;<br /> public int getId() {<br /> return id;<br /> }<br /> public void setId(int id) {<br /> this.id = id;<br /> }<br /> public String getName() {<br /> return name;<br /> }<br /> public void setName(String name) {<br /> this.name = name;<br /> }<br /> public String getDescription() {<br /> return description;<br /> }<br /> public void setDescription(String description) {<br /> this.description = description;<br /> }<br /> public String getZipcode() {<br /> return zipcode;<br /> }<br /> public void setZipcode(String zipcode) {<br /> this.zipcode = zipcode;<br /> }<br /> public Customer getCustomer() {<br /> return customer;<br /> }<br /> public void setCustomer(Customer customer) {<br /> this.customer = customer;<br /> }<br /> @Override<br /> public String toString() {<br /> return org.apache.commons.lang.builder.ToStringBuilder.reflectionToString(this);<br /> }<br /> }<br />  

4. 创建DAO接口和实现类，这里为了简单，省去了异常处理的代码

CustomerDAO接口如下

package myjpa.dao;<br /> import java.util.List;<br /> import myjpa.model.Customer;<br /> public interface CustomerDAO {</p> <p> Customer findById(int id);</p> <p> Customer add(Customer customer);</p> <p> List<Customer> list();<br /> } 

CustomerDAOJPAImpl实现类如下：

package myjpa.dao;<br /> import java.util.List;<br /> import org.springframework.orm.jpa.support.JpaDaoSupport;<br /> import myjpa.model.Customer;<br /> public class CustomerDAOJPAImpl extends JpaDaoSupport implements CustomerDAO {</p> <p> public Customer findById(int id) {<br /> return getJpaTemplate().find(Customer.class, id);<br /> }</p> <p> public Customer add(Customer customer) {<br /> getJpaTemplate().persist(customer);<br /> return getJpaTemplate().find(Customer.class, customer.getId());<br /> }<br /> @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")<br /> public List<Customer> list() {<br /> List<Customer> customers = getJpaTemplate().find("select c from Customer c");<br /> return customers;<br /> }<br /> } 

 

5. 配置persistence.xml文件

在工程的src/main/resources目录下创建META-INF目录，并在META-INF下创建persistence.xml文件，内容如下：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><br /> <persistence version="1.0"<br /> xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/persistence"<br /> xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"<br /> xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/persistence http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/persistence/persistence_1_0.xsd"><br /> <persistence-unit name="spring" transaction-type="RESOURCE_LOCAL"><br /> <class>myjpa.model.Customer</class><br /> <class>myjpa.model.Address</class><br /> </persistence-unit><br /> </persistence> 

注意：这里只有实体类的配置，所有关于数据库的配置都放到了spring的配置文件里统一处理。

 

6. 配置spring文件

在工程的src/main/resources目录下创建spring.xml文件，内容如下：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><br /> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"<br /> xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"<br /> xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans<br /> http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd"><br /> <bean id="customerDAOTarget" class="myjpa.dao.CustomerDAOJPAImpl"><br /> <property name="entityManagerFactory" ref="entityManagerFactory" /><br /> </bean><br /> <bean id="customerDAO"<br /> class="org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionProxyFactoryBean"><br /> <property name="transactionManager" ref="transactionManager" /><br /> <property name="target" ref="customerDAOTarget" /><br /> <property name="transactionAttributes"><br /> <props><br /> <prop key="save*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED</prop><br /> <prop key="del*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED</prop><br /> <prop key="update*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED</prop><br /> <prop key="create*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED</prop><br /> <prop key="add*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED</prop><br /> <prop key="find*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED,readOnly</prop><br /> <prop key="get*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED,readOnly</prop><br /> <prop key="*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED</prop><br /> </props><br /> </property><br /> </bean><br /> <bean id="entityManagerFactory"<br /> class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean"><br /> <property name="persistenceUnitName" value="spring" /><br /> <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource" /><br /> <property name="jpaVendorAdapter"><br /> <bean class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.vendor.HibernateJpaVendorAdapter"><br /> <property name="showSql" value="false" /><br /> <property name="generateDdl" value="true" /><br /> <property name="databasePlatform" value="org.hibernate.dialect.HSQLDialect" /><br /> </bean><br /> </property><br /> <property name="loadTimeWeaver"><br /> <bean class="org.springframework.instrument.classloading.InstrumentationLoadTimeWeaver" /><br /> </property><br /> </bean><br /> <bean id="dataSource"<br /> class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DriverManagerDataSource"><br /> <property name="driverClassName" value="org.hsqldb.jdbcDriver" /><br /> <property name="url" value="jdbc:hsqldb:mem:." /><br /> <property name="username" value="sa" /><br /> <property name="password" value="" /><br /> </bean><br /> <bean id="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.JpaTransactionManager"><br /> <property name="entityManagerFactory" ref="entityManagerFactory" /><br /> <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource" /><br /> </bean><br /> </beans> 

 

7. 编写测试类，这里简单起见就没有再引入别的数据库测试包，而是使用的CustomerDAO自己的添加和查询方法测试自己，通常情况应该是使用第三方的JDBC测试工具来做这些测试。在src/test/java目录下创建测试类CustomerDAOJPAImplTest

package myjpa.dao;<br /> import java.util.Calendar;<br /> import java.util.List;<br /> import junit.framework.Assert;<br /> import org.junit.After;<br /> import org.junit.AfterClass;<br /> import org.junit.Before;<br /> import org.junit.BeforeClass;<br /> import org.junit.Test;<br /> import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;<br /> import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;<br /> import myjpa.model.Address;<br /> import myjpa.model.Customer;<br /> public class CustomerDAOJPAImplTest {<br /> private static CustomerDAO customerDAO;</p> <p> @BeforeClass<br /> public static void setUpBeforeClass() throws Exception {<br /> ApplicationContext ctx = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("/spring.xml");<br /> customerDAO = (CustomerDAO)ctx.getBean("customerDAO");</p> <p> for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {<br /> Customer customer = new Customer();<br /> customer.setName("customer_" + i);<br /> customer.setEmail("customer_" + i + "@my.com");<br /> customer.setBirthday(Calendar.getInstance().getTime());</p> <p> Address addressHome = new Address();<br /> addressHome.setName("Home");<br /> addressHome.setDescription("Home");<br /> addressHome.setZipcode("123456");</p> <p> Address addressOffice = new Address();<br /> addressOffice.setName("Office");<br /> addressOffice.setDescription("Office");<br /> addressOffice.setZipcode("654321");</p> <p> customer.addAddress(addressHome);<br /> customer.addAddress(addressOffice);<br /> customerDAO.add(customer);<br /> }<br /> }<br /> @AfterClass<br /> public static void tearDownAfterClass() throws Exception {<br /> }<br /> @Before<br /> public void setUp() throws Exception {</p> <p> }<br /> @After<br /> public void tearDown() throws Exception {<br /> }<br /> @Test<br /> public void testFindById() {<br /> List<Customer> customers = customerDAO.list();<br /> for (Customer customer : customers) {<br /> Customer anotherCustomer = customerDAO.findById(customer.getId());<br /> Assert.assertNotNull(anotherCustomer);<br /> Assert.assertEquals(customer.getId(), anotherCustomer.getId());<br /> Assert.assertEquals(customer.getName(), anotherCustomer.getName());<br /> }<br /> }</p> <p> @Test<br /> public void testAdd() {<br /> Customer customer = new Customer();<br /> customer.setName("customer_abc");<br /> customer.setEmail("customer_abc" + "@my.com");<br /> customer.setBirthday(Calendar.getInstance().getTime());</p> <p> Address addressHome = new Address();<br /> addressHome.setName("Home");<br /> addressHome.setDescription("Home");<br /> addressHome.setZipcode("123456");</p> <p> Address addressOffice = new Address();<br /> addressOffice.setName("Office");<br /> addressOffice.setDescription("Office");<br /> addressOffice.setZipcode("654321");</p> <p> customer.addAddress(addressHome);<br /> customer.addAddress(addressOffice);<br /> Customer persistedCustomer = customerDAO.add(customer);</p> <p> Assert.assertNotNull(customer);<br /> Assert.assertEquals(customer.getName(), persistedCustomer.getName());<br /> }<br /> @Test<br /> public void testList() {<br /> List<Customer> customers = customerDAO.list();<br /> Assert.assertEquals(true, customers.size() > 0);<br /> }<br /> } 

 

8. 运行测试类，JPA会自动创建所要使用的数据库和表，然后就会执行相应的添加和查询操作，并使用断言来验证测试的正确性。