概述
HBase 为用户提供了一个非常方便的使用方式，我们称之为"HBase Shell"。
HBase Shell提供了大多数的HBase命令，通过HBase Shell用户可以方便地创建、删除及修改表，还可以向表中添加数据、列出表中的相关信息等。
备注：写错HBase Shell命令时用键盘上的"Ctrl+Backspace"进行删除，"Backspace" 不起作用，另外结尾不能有任何符号。
在启动HBase之后，用户可以通过下面的命令进入HBase Shell之中，命令如下图所示：
[root@liaozhongmin5 local]# hbase shell HBase Shell; enter 'help<RETURN>' for list of supported commands. Type "exit<RETURN>" to leave the HBase Shell Version 0.94.7, r1471806, Wed Apr 24 18:44:36 PDT 2013 hbase(main):001:0>
具体的HBase Shell命令如下表所示：
一般操作
1.查看服务器状态
hbase(main):028:0> status 1 servers, 0 dead, 6.0000 average load hbase(main):029:0>
2.查看HBase版本
hbase(main):029:0> version 0.94.7, r1471806, Wed Apr 24 18:44:36 PDT 2013 hbase(main):030:0>
DDL操作
1.create 命令
创建一个具有三个列族"member_id"和"address"即"info"的表"member"，其中表名、行和列都要用单引号括起来，并以逗号隔开。
hbase(main):025:0> create 'member','member_id','address','info' 0 row(s) in 1.1320 seconds hbase(main):026:0>
注：语句最后不能有分号，加入不小心多写了个分号，则可以使用qui命令退出错误控制台，如下：
hbase(main):030:0> list; hbase(main):031:0* hbase(main):032:0* qui TABLE member membermember_id scores tb_myHbase users 5 row(s) in 0.1300 seconds NameError: undefined local variable or method `qui' for #<Object:0x1046270> hbase(main):033:0>
2.list命令
查看当前HBase中具有哪些表
hbase(main):026:0> list TABLE member scores tb_myHbase users 4 row(s) in 0.0520 seconds hbase(main):027:0>
3.describe 命令
查看表的描述信息。
hbase(main):028:0> describe 'member'
DESCRIPTION ENABLED
'member', {NAME => 'address', DATA_BLOCK_ENCODING => 'NONE', BLOOMFILTER => 'NONE', REPLICATION_SC true
OPE => '0', VERSIONS => '3', COMPRESSION => 'NONE', MIN_VERSIONS => '0', TTL => '2147483647', KEEP
_DELETED_CELLS => 'false', BLOCKSIZE => '65536', IN_MEMORY => 'false', ENCODE_ON_DISK => 'true', B
LOCKCACHE => 'true'}, {NAME => 'info', DATA_BLOCK_ENCODING => 'NONE', BLOOMFILTER => 'NONE', REPLI
CATION_SCOPE => '0', VERSIONS => '3', COMPRESSION => 'NONE', MIN_VERSIONS => '0', TTL => '21474836
47', KEEP_DELETED_CELLS => 'false', BLOCKSIZE => '65536', IN_MEMORY => 'false', ENCODE_ON_DISK =>
'true', BLOCKCACHE => 'true'}, {NAME => 'member_id', DATA_BLOCK_ENCODING => 'NONE', BLOOMFILTER =>
'NONE', REPLICATION_SCOPE => '0', VERSIONS => '3', COMPRESSION => 'NONE', MIN_VERSIONS => '0', TT
L => '2147483647', KEEP_DELETED_CELLS => 'false', BLOCKSIZE => '65536', IN_MEMORY => 'false', ENCO
DE_ON_DISK => 'true', BLOCKCACHE => 'true'}
1 row(s) in 0.0320 seconds
hbase(main):029:0>
4.删除一个列族：disable，alter，enable
我们之前建了3个列族，如果觉得member_id这个列族是多余的，要将其删除。
alter 'member','delete'=>'member_id'
会出现如下错误：
ERROR: org.apache.hadoop.hbase.TableNotDisabledException: org.apache.hadoop.hbase.TableNotDisabledException: member
解决方案：先disable这张表
hbase(main):004:0> disable 'member' 0 row(s) in 2.0960 seconds hbase(main):005:0>
删除刚才的列族
alter 'member','delete'=>'member_id'
查看表情况
hbase(main):017:0> describe 'member'
DESCRIPTION ENABLED
'member', {NAME => 'address', DATA_BLOCK_ENCODING => 'NONE', BLOOMFILTER => 'NONE', REPLICATION_SC false
OPE => '0', VERSIONS => '3', COMPRESSION => 'NONE', MIN_VERSIONS => '0', TTL => '2147483647', KEEP
_DELETED_CELLS => 'false', BLOCKSIZE => '65536', IN_MEMORY => 'false', ENCODE_ON_DISK => 'true', B
LOCKCACHE => 'true'}, {NAME => 'info', DATA_BLOCK_ENCODING => 'NONE', BLOOMFILTER => 'NONE', REPLI
CATION_SCOPE => '0', VERSIONS => '3', COMPRESSION => 'NONE', MIN_VERSIONS => '0', TTL => '21474836
47', KEEP_DELETED_CELLS => 'false', BLOCKSIZE => '65536', IN_MEMORY => 'false', ENCODE_ON_DISK =>
'true', BLOCKCACHE => 'true'}
1 row(s) in 0.0490 seconds
我们可以发现member_id字段已经被删除了。
启用表
hbase(main):021:0> enable 'member' 0 row(s) in 2.0860 seconds
5.删除一个表 disable，drop
先disable表，再drop删除表，然后用list检查
hbase(main):022:0> disable 'member' 0 row(s) in 2.1140 seconds hbase(main):023:0> drop 'member' 0 row(s) in 1.1670 seconds hbase(main):024:0> list TABLE scores tb_myHbase users 3 row(s) in 0.0250 seconds hbase(main):025:0>
6.查询表是否存在
hbase(main):026:0> exists 'member' Table member does not exist 0 row(s) in 0.0740 seconds hbase(main):027:0>
7.判断表是否enable
hbase(main):028:0> is_enable 'users' NoMethodError: undefined method `is_enable' for #<Object:0x735f45> hbase(main):029:0> is_enabled 'users' true 0 row(s) in 0.0060 seconds hbase(main):030:0> disable 'users' 0 row(s) in 2.0880 seconds hbase(main):031:0> is_enabled 'users' false 0 row(s) in 0.0040 seconds hbase(main):032:0>
注：另外还有一个命令与他对应即判断是否disable：is_disabled '表名'
DML操作
1.插入数据
put 'member','scutshuxue','info:age','24' put 'member','scutshuxue','info:birthday','1987-06-17 put 'member','scutshuxue','info:company','alibaba' put 'member','scutshuxue','address:contry','china' put 'member','scutshuxue','address:province','zhejiang' put 'member','scutshuxue','address:city','hangzhou' put 'member','xiaofeng','info:birthday','1987-4-17' put 'member','xiaofeng','info:favorite','movie' put 'member','xiaofeng','info:company','alibaba' put 'member','xiaofeng','address:contry','china' put 'member','xiaofeng','address:province','guangdong' put 'member','xiaofeng','address:city','jieyang' put 'member','xiaofeng','address:town','xianqiao'
注：插入语句后面一定不要有空格。
2.获取一条数据
hbase(main):012:0> get 'member','xiaofeng' COLUMN CELL address:city timestamp=1423056496524, value=jieyang address:contry timestamp=1423056496475, value=china address:province timestamp=1423056496496, value=guangdong address:town timestamp=1423056499535, value=xianqiao info:birthday timestamp=1423056496348, value=1987-4-17 info:company timestamp=1423056496447, value=alibaba info:favorite timestamp=1423056496386, value=movie 7 row(s) in 0.0780 seconds hbase(main):013:0>
3.获取一条记录中某个列族的信息
hbase(main):013:0> get 'member','xiaofeng','info' COLUMN CELL info:birthday timestamp=1423056496348, value=1987-4-17 info:company timestamp=1423056496447, value=alibaba info:favorite timestamp=1423056496386, value=movie 3 row(s) in 0.0160 seconds hbase(main):014:0>
4.获取一条记录的某个列族中的某个列的信息
hbase(main):015:0> get 'member','xiaofeng','info:company' COLUMN CELL info:company timestamp=1423056496447, value=alibaba 1 row(s) in 0.0130 seconds hbase(main):016:0>
5.更新一条记录
把xiaofeng的年龄改为25岁
hbase(main):001:0> get 'member','xiaofeng','info:age' COLUMN CELL info:age timestamp=1423057077614, value=23 1 row(s) in 0.7080 seconds hbase(main):002:0> put 'member','xiaofeng','info:age','25' 0 row(s) in 0.0180 seconds hbase(main):003:0> get 'member','xiaofeng','info:age' COLUMN CELL info:age timestamp=1423057248381, value=25 1 row(s) in 0.0110 seconds hbase(main):004:0>
6.根据TimeStamp来获取记录
hbase(main):007:0> get 'member','xiaofeng',{column=>'info:age',timestamp=>1423057248381}
NameError: undefined local variable or method `column' for #<Object:0x1046270>
hbase(main):008:0> get 'member','xiaofeng',{COLUMN=>'info:age',TIMESTAMP=>1423057248381}
COLUMN CELL
info:age timestamp=1423057248381, value=25
1 row(s) in 0.0070 seconds
注：要注意大小写，另外TIMESTAMP后面的时间戳不用单引号。
7.根据版本号获取记录
hbase(main):025:0> get 'member','xiaofeng',{COLUMN=>'info:company',VERSION=>3}
COLUMN CELL
info:company timestamp=1423056496447, value=alibaba
1 row(s) in 0.0100 seconds
hbase(main):026:0>
8.全表扫描
hbase(main):009:0> scan 'member' ROW COLUMN+CELL lavimer column=address:city, timestamp=1423056054519, value=ganzhou lavimer column=info:name, timestamp=1423056214559, value=liaozhongmin scutshuxue column=address:city, timestamp=1423056496301, value=hangzhou scutshuxue column=address:contry, timestamp=1423056399271, value=china scutshuxue column=address:province, timestamp=1423056496250, value=zhejiang scutshuxue column=info:age, timestamp=1423056337733, value=24 scutshuxue column=info:birthday, timestamp=1423056367576, value=1987-06-17 scutshuxue column=info:company, timestamp=1423056370340, value=alibaba xiaofeng column=address:city, timestamp=1423056496524, value=jieyang xiaofeng column=address:contry, timestamp=1423056496475, value=china xiaofeng column=address:province, timestamp=1423056496496, value=guangdong xiaofeng column=address:town, timestamp=1423056499535, value=xianqiao xiaofeng column=info:age, timestamp=1423057248381, value=25 xiaofeng column=info:birthday, timestamp=1423056496348, value=1987-4-17 xiaofeng column=info:company, timestamp=1423056496447, value=alibaba xiaofeng column=info:favorite, timestamp=1423056496386, value=movie 3 row(s) in 0.1090 seconds hbase(main):010:0>
9.删除某条记录中某个列族的某个列
删除xiaofeng年龄这一列。
hbase(main):010:0> delete 'member','xiaofeng','info:age' 0 row(s) in 0.0060 seconds hbase(main):011:0> get 'member','xiaofeng','info:age' COLUMN CELL 0 row(s) in 0.0330 seconds hbase(main):012:0> get 'member','xiaofeng','info' COLUMN CELL info:birthday timestamp=1423056496348, value=1987-4-17 info:company timestamp=1423056496447, value=alibaba info:favorite timestamp=1423056496386, value=movie 3 row(s) in 0.0470 seconds hbase(main):013:0>
10.删除整行
hbase(main):013:0> deleteall 'member','scutshuxue' 0 row(s) in 0.0080 seconds hbase(main):014:0> scan 'member' ROW COLUMN+CELL lavimer column=address:city, timestamp=1423056054519, value=ganzhou lavimer column=info:name, timestamp=1423056214559, value=liaozhongmin xiaofeng column=address:city, timestamp=1423056496524, value=jieyang xiaofeng column=address:contry, timestamp=1423056496475, value=china xiaofeng column=address:province, timestamp=1423056496496, value=guangdong xiaofeng column=address:town, timestamp=1423056499535, value=xianqiao xiaofeng column=info:birthday, timestamp=1423056496348, value=1987-4-17 xiaofeng column=info:company, timestamp=1423056496447, value=alibaba xiaofeng column=info:favorite, timestamp=1423056496386, value=movie 2 row(s) in 0.0430 seconds hbase(main):015:0>
11.查询表中有多少行
hbase(main):015:0> count 'member' 2 row(s) in 0.2170 seconds hbase(main):016:0>
12.给某条记录的某个列族增加一列并使用counter实现递增
hbase(main):018:0> incr 'member','xiaofeng','info:age' COUNTER VALUE = 1 hbase(main):019:0> get 'member','xiaofeng','info:age' COLUMN CELL info:age timestamp=1423058331353, value=\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x01 1 row(s) in 0.0100 seconds hbase(main):021:0> incr 'member','xiaofeng','info:age' COUNTER VALUE = 2 hbase(main):022:0>
13.获取当前count的值
hbase(main):022:0> get_counter 'member','xiaofeng','info:age' COUNTER VALUE = 2 hbase(main):023:0>
14.清空整张表
hbase(main):026:0> truncate 'member' Truncating 'member' table (it may take a while): - Disabling table... - Dropping table... - Creating table... 0 row(s) in 5.5960 seconds hbase(main):027:0> scan 'member' ROW COLUMN+CELL 0 row(s) in 0.0150 seconds hbase(main):028:0>